求翻译,关于超导材料的制作的
zxoxz2011/10/27化学 IP:河北
PREPARATION OF THE 1-2-3 SUPERCONDUCTING PELLET

Advanced Topic

Materials:

Dust mask and safety goggles
Mortar and pestle
50 ml acetone
1.00g yttrium oxide, Y(2).O(3)
2.11g cupric oxide wire, CuO
3.50g barium carbonate BaCO(3)
Alumina boat, 90x17x11.5 mm
Tongs
Heat-proof gloves
Tube furnace, 1 in. diameter
Pellet press
Quartz tube (24 mm o.d.) equipped with air-tight connections made at one end for attachment to an oxygen tank and the other end for attachment to an oil-filled bubbler.
Tank of oxygen, with regulator and tubing
Krylon No 11303, acrylic resin spray
Procedure for Pellet Preparation

Wear a dust mask and safety goggles at all time, and conduct grinding operations in a fume hood. In the mortar and pestle, grind together the yttrium oxide,copper oxide, and barium carbonate with enough acetone to make a thick XXXXXXXXXlow the acetone to evaporate completely in air; at this point the mixed powder will flow freely. Place the powder in the alumina boat and heat in the tube furnace at 950°C for one hour. Wearing heat-proof gloves and tongs, remove the boat containing the mixed oxides from the tube furnace. Allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. It will be black or green-black at this time.

When cool, regrind the dry powder in the mortar and pestle (do not use acetone). Return the powder to the boat, and heat it in the furnace for five hours at 950°C. Again, cool it to room temperature. Grind the now black powder for a third time in the mortar and pestle, this time using acetone. Allow the acetone to evaporate completely.

Use a pellet press to form pellets at about 50,000 lb/in pressure. The pellets should be approximately 13 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick. There should be enough mixed oxide to make three pellets.

Place the pellets in the alumina boat, and place the boat inside the quartz tube. Place the assembly in the tube furnace and heat at 950 for one hour in order to sinter (heat just below the melting point to increase strength and density and to promote intergranular bonding) the pellets. Allow the furnace to cool to 500-600°C for the crucial "sensitization" step. At this point the ceramic is oxygen deficient. This means that there is not enough oxygen in the crystalline structure to XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXss pure oxygen through the quartz tube, over the pellets, at a rate of about 10ml/min for 3 hours. At the conclusion of the 3 hour period turn off the furnace and allow it to cool to room temperature while maintaining the flow of oxygen over the pellets. Oxygen will enter the YBCO compound as it slowly cools, between 600 and 4000 C. By allowing oxygen to circulate in the oven as the sample cools your sample will become oxygenated. Several annealing procedures, heating and cooling cycles,seem to improve the quality of 1-2-3 ceramic superconductors.

Spray coat the pellets with an acrylic resin such as Krylon No 1303. This will protect the pellets from chemical decomposition, which can occur from prolonged exposure to water or water vapor.

Once cooled, the final material should be hard and black in color, any green coloration will indicate that you have an insulator rather than a superconductor. If the material exhibits the Meissner effect, it is a true superconductor. Remember the production of superconductors is still very much an experimenters game.
来自:数理化 / 化学
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tom_twj
13年3个月前 IP:未同步
333123
Advanced Topic
高级论坛
Materials:
材料
Dust mask and safety goggles
防尘口罩和防护眼镜
Mortar and pestle
研钵和碾槌
50 ml acetone
50ML丙酮
1.00g yttrium oxide, Y(2).O(3)
1.00g氧化钇Y(2).O(3)
2.11g cupric oxide wire, CuO
2.11G 氧化铜线CuO
3.50g barium carbonate BaCO(3)
3.50g碳酸钡BaCO(3)
Alumina boat, 90x17x11.5 mm
铝盘90x17x11.5 mm
Tongs
钳子
Heat-proof gloves
耐热手套
Tube furnace, 1 in. diameter
管式炉 (1 in直径)
Pellet press
压粒机
Quartz tube (24 mm o.d.) equipped with air-tight connections made at one end for attachment to an oxygen tank and the other end for attachment to an oil-filled bubbler.
•    装有气密节点的石英管(24 mm o.d.)一端连接一个氧气瓶一端连接油喷口

Tank of oxygen, with regulator and tubing
氧气瓶,调压阀和管子
Krylon No 11303, acrylic resin spray
Krylon No 11303 丙烯酸树脂喷罐

Procedure for Pellet Preparation
颗粒制备过程
Wear a dust mask and safety goggles at all time, and conduct grinding operations in a fume hood. In the mortar and pestle, grind together the yttrium oxide,copper oxide, and barium carbonate with enough acetone to make a thick slurry. Allow the acetone to evaporate completely in air; at this point the mixed powder will flow freely. Place the powder in the alumina boat and heat in the tube furnace at 950°C for one hour. Wearing heat-proof gloves and tongs, remove the boat containing the mixed oxides from the tube furnace. Allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. It will be black or green-black at this time.
全程佩戴防尘口罩和防护眼镜,在抽风柜下用研钵和碾槌研磨氧化钇,氧化铜线,碳酸钡,和足够的丙酮直到成为泥浆状,然后让丙酮挥发干净,所有材料成粉末均匀状。把它们放进铝盘然后放进管式炉加热到950摄氏度一个小时后取出后室温冷却。混合物呈现黑色或黑绿色。
When cool, regrind the dry powder in the mortar and pestle (do not use acetone). Return the powder to the boat, and heat it in the furnace for five hours at 950°C. Again, cool it to room temperature. Grind the now black powder for a third time in the mortar and pestle, this time using acetone. Allow the acetone to evaporate completely.
冷却后再用研钵和碾槌研磨(不要用丙酮),放进管式炉加热到950摄氏度五个小时后取出后室温冷却,第三次研磨黑色粉末时用丙酮,然后让丙酮挥发干净。
Use a pellet press to form pellets at about 50,000 lb/in pressure. The pellets should be approximately 13 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick. There should be enough mixed oxide to make three pellets.
压粒机在50,000 lb/in的压力下造粒,形成大约13 mm,厚3 mm的小块,应该足够做3小块
Place the pellets in the alumina boat, and place the boat inside the quartz tube. Place the assembly in the tube furnace and heat at 950 for one hour in order to sinter (heat just below the melting point to increase strength and density and to promote intergranular bonding) the pellets. Allow the furnace to cool to 500-600°C for the crucial "sensitization" step. At this point the ceramic is oxygen deficient. This means that there is not enough oxygen in the crystalline structure to superconduct.   Pass pure oxygen through the quartz tube, over the pellets, at a rate of about 10ml/min for 3 hours. At the conclusion of the 3 hour period turn off the furnace and allow it to cool to room temperature while maintaining the flow of oxygen over the pellets. Oxygen will enter the YBCO compound as it slowly cools, between 600 and 4000 C. By allowing oxygen to circulate in the oven as the sample cools your sample will become oxygenated. Several annealing procedures, heating and cooling cycles, seem to improve the quality of 1-2-3 ceramic superconductors.
把它们放进铝盘然后放进管式炉加热到950摄氏度一个小时是为了烧结,(加热是为了提高强度和密度促进晶体间的融合)冷却至500-600摄氏度,进入重要的“敏感阶段”步骤,这是氧化不充分的陶瓷,这意味这还不拥有超导体的晶体结构。加入纯氧进石英管在氧化物上最小10ML、每秒,保持3小时使其充分氧化,之后关闭炉子室温冷却但氧气不关,氧气在缓冷状态下有助于YBCO化合物形成600-4000 C,几个氧化退火过程,反复加热冷却基本上可以提高1-2-3陶瓷超导体的品质。
Spray coat the pellets with an acrylic resin such as Krylon No 1303. This will protect the pellets from chemical decomposition, which can occur from prolonged exposure to water or water vapor.
以No 11303 丙烯酸树脂喷罐做陶瓷超导体的树脂外层,可以防止化学腐蚀,防水及水蒸汽。
Once cooled, the final material should be hard and black in color, any green coloration will indicate that you have an insulator rather than a superconductor. If the material exhibits the Meissner effect, it is a true superconductor. Remember the production of superconductors is still very much an experimenters game.
一次冷却后你就应该得到坚硬的黑色材料,如果还有绿色证明不是陶瓷超导体,如果展示Meissner效应,超导体产品还是一个非常棒的实验。

专业水平有限,如有谬误,还请谅解
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没完没了
13年3个月前 IP:未同步
333125
1超导颗粒的制备

高级话题

材料:

防尘口罩和护目镜

砂浆和杵

50毫升丙酮

1.00g氧化钇,钇(2)澳(3)。

2.11g铜氧化物,氧化铜

3.50g碳酸钡(3)

氧化铝船,90x17x11.5毫米



耐热手套

管式炉,1。直径

颗粒机

石英管(24毫米外径)配备密封连接在一端连接到一个氧气罐和另一端连接到一个充油起泡。

氧气罐,与调节器和管

克瑞郎没有11303,丙烯酸树脂

程序颗粒的制备

戴防尘面具和护目镜在所有时间,并进行研磨操作在通风橱。在砂浆和杵研磨,氧化钇,氧化铜,碳酸钡、足够的丙酮作厚浆。让丙酮在空气中完全消失;在这一点上的混合粉,将自由流动。把粉在氧化铝船和热管炉在950摄氏°一小时。穿着隔热手套和钳,删除该船载有混合氧化物的管炉。允许的混合物冷却至室温。这将是黑色或绿黑色在这个时候。

冷却后,再磨干粉在砂浆和杵(不要用丙酮)。返回粉的船,并加热炉中的五小时在950°再次,冷却至室温。现在黑粉研磨三分之一次在砂浆和杵,这次使用丙酮。允许丙酮完全蒸发。

使用压球形成颗粒约50000磅的压力。颗粒大约是13毫米直径3毫米厚。应该有足够的混合氧化物作三丸。

将颗粒氧化铝船,把船内的石英管。将装配在管式炉和热在950一小时为烧结(热略低于熔点增加强度和密度,促进颗粒间结合)。使炉冷却到500 - 600°为关键的“宣传”的步骤。在这一点上的陶瓷是贫氧。这意味着没有足够的氧气的晶体结构,超导。通过纯氧气通过石英管,在颗粒,在率约10毫升/分钟为3小时。在最后的3小时内关闭,让它冷却到室温的同时保持氧气流量对颗粒。氧气进入超导化合物作为它慢慢冷却,在600和4000℃。允许氧气循环炉中的样品冷却样品将成为含氧。几个退火程序,加热和冷却循环,似乎改善质量的1 - 2 - 3陶瓷超导体。

雾丸包衣丙烯酸树脂如克瑞郎没有1303。这将保护颗粒从化学分解,它可以发生从长期暴露在水或水蒸汽。

一旦冷却,最后的材料应该努力和黑色的颜色,有绿色的颜色会表明你已经不是一个超导体绝缘体。如果材料表现迈斯纳效应,它是一个真正的超导体。记得生产超导体在很大程度上仍然是一个实验者游戏。
+5
科创币
zhaokenb
2011-11-01
助人为乐,而且E文水平不错
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7216705
13年2个月前 IP:未同步
333662
超导球团准备1-2-3

高级主题

材料:

防尘口罩和护目镜
研钵
50 mL丙酮
1.00克钇氧化物,Y(2)澳(3)
2.11克的氧化铜导线,氧化铜
3.50克碳酸钡BACO(3)
氧化铝舟,90x17x11.5毫米

耐热手套
管式炉,直径为1英寸
颗粒按
石英管(外径24毫米)配备附件充油起泡附件氧气罐,另一端一端的气密连接。
氧气罐,稳压器和油管
Krylon没有11303,丙烯酸树脂喷涂
颗粒制备的程序

佩戴防尘口罩和护目镜,在所有的时间,并在通风橱内进行粉磨作业。在研钵,研磨一起氧化钇,氧化铜,钡碳酸盐岩具有足够的丙酮丙酮完全挥发在空气中厚XXXXXXXXXlow,混合粉在这一点上可以自由流动。一小时的粉末,放置在船的氧化铝和热管式炉中在950 ° C。戴防热手套和钳子,删除船载管式炉的混合氧化物。让混合物冷却至室温。此时,这将是黑色或绿黑色。

当冷却,回收料的干粉砂浆和杵(不要使用丙酮)。返回粉船,并在950热炉五个小时° C。同样,冷却至室温。第三次在迫击炮和杵研磨现在黑火​​药,这个时候,用丙酮。允许丙酮完全挥发。

使用颗粒按约50,000磅/压力形成的颗粒。颗粒直径约13毫米和3毫米厚。应该有足够的混合氧化物,使三个颗粒。

放置在氧化铝舟的颗粒,并将其置于石英管内的船。以烧结(仅低于熔点的热量,以增加强度和密度,促进晶间粘合)的颗粒,放置一小时大会在管式炉和热中在950。允许炉冷却至500-600 ° C为关键的“敏化”的一步。此时陶瓷缺氧。这意味着没有足够的氧气,在晶体结构纯氧XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXss通过石英管,在颗粒率约10ml/min时,3小时。在3小时内结束关闭炉,并允许它冷却至室温,同时保持颗粒的氧气流。慢慢冷却,氧气将进入钇钡铜氧化合物在600和4000 C.之间,使氧气在烤箱分发样品冷却你的样本将成为含氧。一些退火程序,加热和冷却循环,似乎提高质量1-2-3陶瓷超导体。

喷雾大衣的颗粒,如Krylon无1303丙烯酸树脂。这将保护化学分解,可以从长期暴露在水或水蒸汽发生颗粒。

一旦冷却,最终材料应坚硬和黑色,任何绿色着色,表明你有一个绝缘体,而不是超导体。如果材料展品迈斯纳效应,它是一个真正的超导体。记住超导体的生产在很大程度上仍然是一个实验者的比赛。
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