最近喜欢上了磁悬浮翻了几面墙，得到一些资料，特来分享~

How Levitation Works如何磁悬浮工程
If you hold two permanent magnets close together, you see that one of them will jump strongly toward (or away) from the other.如果你持有两个永久磁铁的密切合作，您会看到其中的一个强烈的意愿跳对（或离开）从其他。 In 1842, Samuel Earnshaw expressed the perversity of inanimate magnetic objects in his theorem. 1842年， 塞缪尔恩肖表示定理反常的无生命的物体在他的磁性。 It explains this frustrating behavior will always prevent you from suspending one permanent magnet above or below another, no matter how one arranges the two magnets.它说明了这个令人沮丧的行为将永远阻止你从另一个暂停一个永久磁铁的上方或下方，无论你如何安排这两个磁铁。 However, an active control circuit can get around this problem by rapidly adjusting the magnet's strength.然而，主动控制电路可以解决这个问题迅速调整磁铁的力量。

The general principle is straight forward: An electromagnet pulls a ball upward while a light beam measures the exact position of the ball's top edge.总的原则是直截了当：电磁铁拉球向上而光束措施顶部边缘的确切位置球的。 The magnet's lifting force is adjusted according to position.该磁铁的升力是根据调整后的位置。

As less light is detected, the circuit reduces the electromagnet's current.由于少光检测电路降低了电磁铁的电流。 With less current, the lifting effect is weaker and the ball can move downward until the light beam is less blocked. Voila!少了电流，抬升作用较弱的球可以向下移动瞧，直到光束少阻塞。！ The ball stays centered on the detector!球停留集中在探测器！ It is a small distance across the photodetector, perhaps a millimeter or two, but this is sufficient to measure small changes in position.这是一个小的探测器在距离，也许是两毫米，但是这足以测量位置的微小变化。 Of course, if the ball is removed the coil runs at full power.当然，如果球被删除的线圈在满功率运行。 And conversely, if the light beam is blocked the coil is turned completely off.反之，如果光束被阻止线圈处于关闭完全关闭。

This device uses two photodetectors : the " signal " detector looks for an interruption in the light beam, and the " reference " detector measures the background light.这个装置使用两个探测器 ：在“ 信号 ”探测器寻找一个光束中断的光，“ 参考 ”探测器措施的背景光。 The circuit subtracts one signal from the other to determine the ball's position.该电路减去从另一个信号，以确定球的位置。 The use of two detectors is my small contribution to advance the art of levitation.该探测器使用两种是我小的贡献，推动磁悬浮艺术。 This design automatically compensates for changes in ambient light, and eliminates a manually adjusted potentiometer.这种设计自动补偿环境光线的变化，并消除了手动调整电位器。

Barry's Maglev Demonstrator巴里的磁悬浮演示
Here's why I built one:这也是为什么我建立一：

A nice entry for a science fair .进入一个美妙的科学公平的 。
There are other fun levitation systems还有其他有趣的磁悬浮系统
There are some great wacko sales pitches for it!有一些伟大的怪人推销它！
How does it work?它是如何工作的？

Schematic diagram 示意图
Parts list 零件清单
Buying the Parts 买零件
Close-up photographs 特写照片
So how was it all designed?所以这一切是如何设计的？

Circuit design for Infrared Emitter circuit电路设计的红外线发射器电路
Circuit design for Photodetector circuit电路设计的光电探测器电路
Circuit design for Reference voltage circuit电路设计的参考电压电路
Circuit design for Difference amplifier circuit电路设计的差分放大器电路
Concepts of Feedback loop control systems概念反馈闭环控制系统
Concepts of Feedback loop equations概念反馈回路方程
Concepts of Bode plots to represent transfer functions的概念波特图表示的传递函数
Concepts of Phase lead network circuit概念阶段主要网络电路
Circuit design for Output amplifier circuit电路设计输出放大器电路
Circuit design for Coil driver circuit电路设计的线圈驱动电路
Circuit design for PWM coil driver circuit电路设计的PWM线圈驱动电路
Coil design of the Lifting coil线圈设计的起重线圈
Levitator Simulation using PSPICE Levitator 用PSPICE仿真
How do you get it working?你怎么得到它的工作？

How long does it take to build? 它需要多长时间来建立？
Constructing the wooden base构建木基地
Connecting the power supplies连接电源
Using a printed circuit board使用印刷电路板
Setup and Adjustment overview 设置和调整概述
Testing the power supplies测试电源
Testing the infrared LED emitter测试红外线LED发射器
Testing the signal detector测试信号探测器
Testing the reference detector测试参考探测器
Adjusting the sensing resistor for the reference detector调整感应电阻器的参考探测器
Testing the difference amplifier测试差分放大器
Testing the non-inverting amplifier测试非反相放大器
Testing the output transistor测试输出晶体管
Adjust, connect and test the lifting coil调整，连接和测试的解除线圈
Results and Further Work 结果和进一步工作
Other Fun Levitation Systems其他有趣的磁悬浮系统
There are many ways to levitate objects magnetically.有许多方法来悬浮物体磁性。 Here are some fun methods that I've used.下面是一些有趣的，我已经使用的方法。

The simplest!最简单的！  Guy Marsden's Levitation Kit is built on a single fan controller chip!人马斯登的磁悬浮套件是建立在一个单一的风机控制器芯片！  
The best!最好的！  The Visual Levitation kit ( read my review ) 在 Visual 磁悬浮套件（ 看过我的审查 ）  
Do it yourself!做自己！  The Levitation Engine kit is an inexpensive start该磁悬浮引擎工具包是一种廉价的开始  
Completely free!完全免费！  Float your own Magnet over a hard drive (free!)浮法自己的磁铁超过一个硬盘驱动器免费！（）  
Fun toy!有趣的玩具！  The Levitron antigravity spinning top该Levitron反引力陀螺  
Cheap and cheesy廉价和俗气  Go to Edmund Scientific and search for "levitator"前往埃德蒙科学和levitator搜索“”  
Executive toys行政玩具  SirTimeBenda has levitating globes and executive toys for sale SirTimeBenda磁悬浮地球仪已出售的玩具和执行