【转】 GBPPR EMP实验 1 英文

我来帮忙翻译：项目概要

This article will discuss the construction of a very simple Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) generator. This particular design won't be capable of destroying every computer in your neighborhood, but it will give the constructor a good overview of the concepts which make up electromagnetic pulse warfare. It should be noted that you will be working with very dangerous voltages and currents on this project. Muslims, Eurosavages, Digg kiddies - you will be immune to this. People with brains may wish to exercise caution.

本文将讨论一个非常简单的电磁脉冲（EMP）发电机的建设。这个特殊的设计将不能够破坏你附近的每一台电脑，但它会给构造函数一个很好的概述的概念，构成电磁脉冲战。应该注意的是，你会在这个项目中工作的电压和电流非常危险。穆斯林，eurosavages Digg的小子，你不会受这。有头脑的人可能要谨慎行事。

The EMP device described in this article will work as follows:

在这篇文章中所描述的电磁脉冲装置的工作如下：

A surplus high-voltage DC power supply will be used to generate an output voltage between 3,000 and 4,000 volts. This high-voltage will then charge an old 8 ?F, 3,000 VDC General Electric Pyranol capacitor (the "C") via a current limiting resistor. When the capacitor is fully charged, it will discharge via a spark gap. The spark gap circuit will be part of an inductive circuit (the "L") which, along with the capacitor, sets up a natural resonant frequency. To generate the actual emitted pulse, part of the LC-tank circuit will be made of fine wire, a lightbulb filament in this case. Since the lightbulb filament can't handle the high-current discharge from the pulse capacitor, it will be instantly vaporized. This "exploding wire" will essentially be turned into an electromagnetic pulse which is radiated from an impromptu parabolic dish antenna. That's the idea at least.

剩余的高压直流电源将被用来产生3000和4000伏的输出电压。这高压将收取一个旧的8？F，3000 VDC的通用电气派兰诺油电容器（“C”）通过限流电阻。当电容器充放电时，它会通过火花隙放电。火花隙电路将是一个感应电路的一部分（“升”），随着电容器，设置了一个自然谐振频率。生成实际的发射脉冲，LC谐振的电路部分将由细钢丝，在这种情况下，一个灯泡的灯丝。因为灯泡的灯丝不能从脉冲电容器处理高电流放电，它会立刻蒸发。这个“爆炸线”基本上是一个电磁脉冲，它是从一个即兴的抛物面天线辐射。至少这是这样的想法。

Since the resonant frequency of this particular EMP device is very low (20 kHz or so), it will actually do very little damage to any electronic devices in its path. Most "real world" EMP generators aim for the UHF or microwave RF bands by using tuned mechanical cavities. The shorter wavelength of microwave RF energy is ideal for being coupled into the circuit board traces in the target electronic device. The resonant frequency of this generator can be increased slighty by replacing the lightbulb with a long piece of small-gauge wire. Experiment with the length, composition, and diameter of the wire used.

由于这种特殊的电磁脉冲装置的谐振频率很低（20千赫左右），它会在它的路径的任何电子设备很小的损害。最“真实世界”的脉冲发生器的目的是为超高频或微波射频波段采用机械腔调谐。微波射频能量的波长越短，在目标电子器件中被耦合到电路板的痕迹是理想的。这台发电机的谐振频率可以用一根长长的细钢丝更换灯泡的略微升高。用电线的长度，组成和直径的实验。

An optional ferrite core transformer will also be described. When this ferrite core is placed over a power cord, or other similar exposed wire, the electromagnetic pulse can be directly injected into the target system. This is a much more efficient method than the "exploding wire" idea.

一个可选的铁氧体磁芯变压器也将被描述。当这种铁氧体磁芯被放置在电源线，或其他类似的接触线，电磁脉冲可以直接注入到目标系统。这是一种比“爆线”更有效的方法。

The most critical component in an EMP generator is the high-voltage pulse capacitor. The ideal capacitor will be non-polarized and with a low internal inductance and resistance. The internal resistance inside the pulse capacitor will determine how fast, and to what final level, it can discharge. Commerical pulse capacitors that are designed for this purpose are available, but their price is usually out of range for the hobbyist. Search amateur radio swapfests for old Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) high-voltage capacitors. You can usually pick them up for free due to their high cost of disposal. Just don't let the hippies know about them, or they'll try to tax amateur radio experimenters next. Several capacitors can be banked together in parallel to increase the energy output. You can also place low-voltage capacitors in series so they can handle higher voltages.

在电磁脉冲发生器的最关键的部件是高压脉冲电容器。理想的电容器将非极化和具有低的内部电感和电阻。内部电阻内的脉冲电容器将决定如何快速，并到什么最后一级，它可以出院。商业脉冲电容器是专为这个目的是可用的，但他们的价格通常是超出范围的爱好者。搜索业余无线电swapfests旧多氯联苯（PCB）高压电容器。你通常可以把它们捡起来，因为它们的成本很高。只是不要让嬉皮士知道他们，或者他们会尝试税收业余无线电实验者下。可以把几个电容并联在一起以增加能量输出。您还可以将低电压电容器串联，以便他们可以处理更高的电压。

EMP Block Diagrams

EMP框图

高压电源部分概要。电源的心脏是一个通用电气9t63y2065g12直流电源。它的最大输出电压约为12000伏1毫安左右。它需要一个标准的120伏交流电输入。一个自耦变压器将用于通过控制输入的交流电压控制电源的输出电压。如果一个variac是不可用的，可以使用低压次级绕组由一个标准的交流变压器来控制电源的交流输入电压。

The other support components are an AC line filter, a Radio Shack metal-oxide varistor, a panel-mount SO-239 RF connector, a green neon light, two fuse holders (one panel-mount), an AC outlet, two binding posts (with rubber grommets), a solid-state relay, a surplus 0-120 VAC variac, a bunch of surplus ferrite cores, and an old military radio surplus voltage transformer. This will be turned into an isolation transformer for feeding the variac. Everything will be mounted inside an old ammo box.

其他支持组件是AC线滤波器，一个Radio Shack金属氧化物压敏电阻，一个面板安装so-239射频连接器，一个绿色霓虹光，两个保险丝持有人（面板安装），一个AC插座，两个结合岗位（橡胶垫圈），一个固态继电器，一个剩余0-120 VAC自耦变压器，一束剩余铁氧体磁芯，和一个旧的军用无线电剩余电压互感器。这将变成一个隔离变压器自耦变压器进。一切都将被安装在一个旧的弹药箱。

图片：XXXXg

图片：主题

And put it all together as so. The AC line filter and dual fuses are probably overkill, but they're a good idea when working with EMP devices. The isolation transformer is used to isolate the variac from the AC mains in case the "hot" and "neutral" lines are reversed.

把这一切放在一起。交流滤波器和双保险丝可能是多余的，但他们是一个好主意，使用EMP设备时。隔离变压器是用来隔离变压器从交流电源的情况下，“热”和“中性”线是相反的。

图片：XXXXg

图片：XXXXg

Front panel rear view. After the input AC line filter, the "hot" voltage line passes through a solid-state relay. This relay will allow the high-voltage power supply to be remote controlled from a safe distance. The solid-state relay's remote control is nothing more than a 9 volt battery and a switch.

前面板后视图。输入交流线路滤波器后，“热”电压线穿过固态继电器。该继电器将允许从一个安全的距离远程控制的高压电源。固态继电器的遥控器只不过是一个9伏的电池和一个开关。

图片：XXXXg

图片：毛绒玩具

The isolation transformer is made by tapping a 110 VAC secondary winding. You can often find these transformers, or the military surplus radios they're inside, quite cheap at amateur radio swapfests. Their secondary windings can only handle a few milliamps of current though. There is a 100 ohm resistor and 0.1 ?F AC-rated capacitor on the isolation transformer's primary winding to act as a "spike snubber" circuit. The use of an isolation transformer before the variac is not required, but highly XXXXXXXXXXXXXXe power supply's high-voltage output is on the left via the binding posts. The binding posts are set inside rubber grommets to isolate them from the metal case. The maximum voltage this entire setup can handle before arcing over is only around 6,000 volts.

隔离变压器的次级绕组由敲110 VAC。你经常可以找到这些变压器，或军事盈余收音机里面的他们，在业余无线电swapfests相当便宜。他们的次级绕组只能处理几毫安的电流通过。有一个100欧姆的电阻和0.1？F交流额定电容的隔离变压器的初级绕组作为“尖峰吸收电路。在自耦变压器不需要隔离变压器的使用，但强烈推荐。电源的高压输出在左边通过接线柱。接线柱的内部设置有橡胶索环隔离它们从金属外壳。最大的电压，这整个设置可以处理前电弧只有约6000伏。

图片：XXXXg

图片：柳江

Completed front panel view. Main AC input is via the outlet shown. The SO-239 connector is for the remote control. The variac's knob and main input fuse are on the right.

完成前面板视图。主要交流输入是通过输出显示。的so-239连接器用于远程控制。自耦变压器的旋钮和主要输入保险丝是正确的。

图片：XXXXg

图片：XXXXg

Rear view showing the output high-voltage binding posts.

后视图显示输出高电压约束的帖子。

图片：XXXXg

图片：法属

Parts for the remote control. All you need is a metal outlet box, a cover plate, a switch (with guard), a panel-mount SO-239 connector, a 9 volt battery with a snap and holder, a panel-mount LED and 470 ohm resistor, a 0.01 ?F capacitor, and assorted mounting hardware.

远程控制部分。所有你需要的是一个金属出线盒，一盖板，开关（后卫），一个面板安装so-239连接器，一个9伏电池卡持有人，一个面板安装LED和470欧姆电阻，0.01？电容器，以及各种安装硬件。

图片：XXXXg

图片：XXXXg

Put it together like so. An extra ferrite bead was slipped over the control's positive line.

把它放在一起像这样。一个额外的铁氧体珠被滑到控制的积极路线。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Overview of the completed remote control. Connect it to the high-voltage power supply via a good length of RG-58 coax with PL-259 connectors on each end.

已完成的远程控制概述。它连接到高压电源通过一个好的长度与pl-259 RG-58同轴连接器的两端。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

The spark gap will be made from two drilled and tapped steel mouse balls. Ideally, you'd want non-ferrous materials that are nickel or silver plated.

火花隙将由2个钻孔和螺纹钢鼠标球。理想情况下，你想要的是镍或镀银的有色金属材料。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Flatten one side of the mouse ball with a grinder and drill an appropriate hole for the thread tap. On this project, the mouse ball for the "hot side" (capacitor side) will have a #12-24 tap. The other mouse ball will have a 1/4"-20 tap.

用研磨机将鼠标球的一端扁平化，并为螺纹孔钻一个合适的孔。在这个项目中，对于“热端的鼠标球”（电容器端）会有一个# 12-24水龙头。另一个鼠标球将有1 / 4“- 20抽头。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

For the "cold side" of the spark gap, use 1/4" brass, bronze, or copper hardware. It will be mounted on a small piece of wood which is then attached to the side of the pulse capacitor. The "inductive" elements are mounted to the spark gap via a standard copper ground lug. Use brass bolts with the head cut off for the threaded brass rod. It's all kinda retarded, but it works.

对于“冷端”的火花间隙，使用1 / 4“黄铜，青铜，或铜五金。它将被安装在一个小的木材，然后连接到该侧的脉冲电容器。“感应”元件被安装到通过标准的铜接地凸耳的火花间隙。用黄铜螺栓与螺纹黄铜棒的头切断。这是有点弱智，但它的作品。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Completed spark gap assembly. The gap hasn't been set yet. The air gap will be set at around 1 mm per 1,500 volts used. You can use a spark plug feeler gauge to help set the initial gap width. The split washers and nuts secure the mouse balls to their respective threads. The gap can then be further adjusted by turning the brass rod in and out, then tightening the securing hardware. The gap on this device was set to "spark" at around 3,500 VDC. This is slightly over the voltage rating on the pulse capacitor, but it should handle it. Be sure to fully discharge the pulse capacitor before adjusting the spark gap XXXXXXXXe wooden spark gap holder is attached to the side of the pulse capacitor using some two-part epoxy putty.

完成火花隙总成。差距还没有确定。空气间隙将设置在1毫米每1500伏使用。你可以使用一个火花塞塞尺来设置初始间隙宽度。拆分垫圈和螺母将鼠标球固定在各自的线程中。该间隙可以通过将黄铜棒的进出，然后拧紧固定的硬件来进一步调整。的差距，这个装置是设置为“火花”在3500 VDC。这是轻微的脉冲电容器的电压等级，但它应该处理它。一定要充分放电的脉冲电容器调整前的火花隙宽度。木火花隙夹用一些二环氧腻子附着的脉冲电容器侧。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：香水

The "exploding wire" holder will be made from an industrial heat lamp. These have a nice p

“爆炸丝”将由一个工业热灯制成。这些有一个很好的磷
“爆炸丝”将由一个工业热灯制成。这些有一个很好的瓷灯底座和抛物面反射镜。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Rear view of the porcelain lamp base. This is what sets the maximum operating voltage on this EMP generator. This particular model lamp base could only handle around 6,000 VDC before arcing over.

瓷灯底座的后视镜。这是什么设置的最大工作电压在脉冲发生器。这个特殊的模型灯座只能处理大约6000伏直流电弧在前。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Solder two pieces of #6 solid copper wire to the porcelain lamp base like so. You may wish to add a little "Q-Dope" to prevent high-voltage arcing between the two wires.

焊接两块# 6实心铜线瓷灯头等。你可能希望增加一点“粘稠度”，防止高压电弧两线之间。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Next is the high-voltage input circuitry. The current limiting resistor(s) and RF choke need to be mounted on little standoffs to prevent arcing. These are secured to the side of the case with nylon hardware. Note the extra ferrite beads slipped over the incoming power lines. These, along with the 4700 pF bypass capacitor, help to suppress any "back-EMF" when the spark gap fires. The RF choke shown (red cylinder thing) is from an old switching power supply. Its value is around 8.5 ?H, which is probably too low for this application. Oh XXXXXXXe current limiting resistor(s) should have a high-voltage rating. Lower resistance values will charge the pulse capacitor faster, but this may stress your high-voltage current source. The time (in seconds) it takes for the capacitor to charge is approximately: t = C * V / I. Where C is the capacitor's value (Farads), V is the capacitor's charging voltage (Volts), and I is the capacitor's charging current (Amps).

下一步是高压输入电路。限流电阻（S）和射频扼流圈需要安装小支架以防止电弧。这些都是安全的情况下与尼龙硬件。注意额外的铁素体珠滑入的电源线。这些，连同4700个电容旁路电容，有助于抑制任何“反电动势”时，火花隙火灾。射频阻流器（红色缸的东西）是从一个旧的开关电源。它的价值是8.5左右？这个应用程序可能太低了。哦好的，限流电阻（的）应该有一个高电压等级。较低的电阻值会对脉冲电容充电速度更快，但这可能会强调你的高压电流源。电容器充电所花费的时间（以秒为单位）是约：T = C×V /。其中C是电容（法拉），V是电容器的充电电压（伏特），我是电容器的充电电流（安培）的价值。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Make a securing bracket for the pulse capacitor from some 1-inch wide alumimum bar stock, two pieces of 5/16" allthread, threaded couplers, and other assorted hardware. Drill two holes in the alumimum bar stock and place it so it can sandwich the capacitor to the bottom of the case.

使固定支架从一些英寸宽铝棒料的脉冲电容器，两块5 / 16“allthread，螺纹接头，以及其他各种各样的硬件。钻两孔的铝棒料和地方它可以三明治电容器底部的情况。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Completed closeup picture. A large hole is cut into the front of the case and the porcelain lamp base is epoxied in place. The solid copper wires which make up the inductive elements of the circuit are clamped into the grounding lugs which attach to the "ground side" of the pulse capacitor and to the "cold side" of the spark gap. These wires will need to handle several hundreds (or even thousands) of amps, so exercise solid construction practices when securing them.

完成特写图片。一个大洞，切割成案和瓷灯头的前面是用环氧胶。固体铜导线构成的电路的电感元件是夹到的接地耳附加到“地面的一面“脉冲电容器和“冷端”的火花间隙。这些电线将需要处理数百（甚至数千）的安培，所以在确保他们的运动扎实的施工实践。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Completed overview.

完成概要。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Parts for the direct coupling ferrite transformer core. This is a total hack, but it does appear to work quite well. The split ferrite (or powdered iron) cores are a swapfest grab, so start looking out for those! You'll also need a 2-prong AC plug, some smaller sized grounding lugs, and an AC socket to lamp screw-in adapter thingy.

直联式铁氧体变压器铁心件。这是一个完全破解，但它似乎工作相当不错。分铁氧体（或铁）的核心是一个swapfest抢，所以开始寻找那些！你也需要一个两脚交流插头，一些小型接地耳，和在那灯螺旋适配器AC插座。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Wire it all up as shown. You'll want to put a little hot glue on the AC plug to keep the prongs from moving. Be sure the copper wire turns around the ferrite core are not shorted, or that they are so tightly wrapped they crush the brittle ferrite material. Experiment with the number of turns needed, but you'll have a hard time getting more than three. Slip some vinyl tubing over the copper wire for protection.

这一切如图所示。你想把一个小热胶在AC插头保持爪移动。确保铜线绕铁芯不短路，或者说他们是如此紧密地包裹他们粉碎脆性的铁氧体材料。实验与所需的匝数，但你会有一个很难得到超过三。在铜导线上滑动一些乙烯管。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Screw the coupling ferrite transformer assembly into the lamp base as shown. Secure the other half of the ferrite core with a plastic sliding-jaw XXXXXXXXis connection method didn't work out too well, as it was too heavy for the small lamp socket. You are better off just wiring the ferrite transformer directly off the spark XXXXXX operate, just run your target's power, ground, Ethernet, etc. wire through the ferrite core and zap away! Try to wrap the target cable multiple times through the ferrite core, if XXXXXXXXXXX careful, as it is possible for the transformer's halves to shatter due to the induced current in the ferrite material.

将耦合铁氧体变压器组件拧入灯底座。用塑料滑动爪固定另一半的铁氧体磁芯，这种连接方法不能工作得太好，因为它太重了，不能用于小灯泡插座。你最好只是布线的铁氧体变压器直接关闭火花隙。操作，把目标的力量，地面，以太网，等线通过铁氧体磁芯和移走！尽可能地通过铁氧体磁芯包好目标电缆，如果可能的话，要小心，因为在铁素体材料中的感应电流可能使变压器的一半碎裂。

图片：XXXXXg

图片：XXXXXg

Overview of the EMP generator and the high-voltage power supply connected together. Note the metal-armored power cord on the high-voltage power supply and the coaxial cable for the remote control. All the cables in the local area should be shielded to protect them from the electromagnetic XXXXXXXXrious different lightbulbs were tried, and they didn't do too much except explode into little pieces. It looks like you'll need to have a pulse capacitor output in the hundreds of Joules to have any really significant XXXXXXXXXXother possible EMP option is to connect metal Slinkys to each side of the spark gap to act like antennas. This could help radiate the electromagnetic pulse a little bit more.

概述电磁脉冲发生器和高压电源连接在一起。请注意金属装甲电源线对高压电源和同轴电缆的远程控制。在本地区所有的电缆应该屏蔽，以保护他们免受电磁脉冲。各种不同的灯泡都试过了，他们并没有做太多的除了爆炸成碎片。它看起来像你会需要有一个脉冲输出电容数百焦耳任何真正有意义的结果。另一个可能的EMP选项是连接金属slinkys到每一侧的火花间隙到像天线。这可能有助于辐射的电磁脉冲有点多。

High-Voltage Power Supply Block Diagram

高压电源供应器框图