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速度与升力系数

飞友一只2024/11/09 17:23:17飞友专栏

中文摘要

哇去抽空写完了，争取下次补上激波介绍

空气作为一种神奇的流体，他变幻莫测的压缩性逼着流体力学分裂出了一个空气动力学，而这是这篇文章的基础，综合百公式的升力系数值得一讲

先介绍一下压缩波，分为弱扰动和强扰动，弱扰动平时非常熟悉啊，声音就是其中一种，所以弱扰动波以声速传播。而强扰动则是激波。

空气动力学里规定马赫数在0.4（有的是0.3，但更多书里是0.4）以下的不考虑空气压缩，属于低亚声速，也很难计算。马赫数是物体移动速度与声速的比例，也可以理解为以声速作为单位一表示物体速度的方式，用后锥Ma表示，如马赫数0.4表示为0.4Ma

再说一个系数压强系数，记作p上加一点或一横（真打不出来，下面记作pp），牙签系数与压力的关系如下：

F=pp*P动*S

和升力系数惊人的相似，这方面unit比我先说

一种简单的设计航模机翼的方法 - 科创网 (XXXXXXXXXXXX)

升力系数就是上下的pp差。

假设一架飞机以一定的攻角在相同的大气环境下飞行，那么亚声速部分升力系数不变（a段以前）：

当速度达到一定程度时，空气压缩性被表现出来，压力呈线性增大，压力差也呈线性变大，具体可以用普朗特·格劳沃公式计算：

p可压缩=1/根号下（1-远方来流马赫数^2）*p不可压

所以压力差也以用1/根号下（1-远方来流马赫数^2）倍计算

此过程到b点为止，b对应速度临界马赫数Mcr，是机翼刚出现激波时的速度，由于上面气体加速，一般形成在上一面。因为激波会导致后方出现减压，使压力差持续增大，及bc段。c处下面出现激波，和上方基本持平，升力系数猛掉，导致升力迅速减小，称为激波失速。

dc处因上一面出现前激波（之前提到的是后激波，只是出现后向后移动了而已），上一面再次减压，升力系数再次跃升，d处和c一样因下一面出现前激波导致激波失速。

以上是Cl随速度变化的过程，图片有点小问题请谅解。

[修改于 1 个月前 - 2024/11/09 17:23:17]

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