引用第14楼虎哥于2010-05-18 02:49发表的  :
是否适合做推进剂，还是要看一下压强然速图、比冲和机械性能，综合起来考虑。苯甲酸钠本身是一个相对比较贵的东西，增加了成本，是否增加效益，也是这种东西有没有价值使用的因素。据我所知，这两种东西的混合物一般是用在哨声剂中的，在特定条件下可以产生振荡燃烧。

虎哥说的极是，由于本人并不是学化工或者材料的，所以对压强燃速，比冲等缺乏实验条件，特别是压强燃速图不知怎样diy测量。苯甲酸钠其实不贵，通常用着防腐剂，尽管现在已经被山梨酸钾代替了，但是中国的食品还是在偷偷使用这种东西。我在淘宝上买到15元500克。这种啸声剂在高密度，不太大的压强下会长生振荡间歇性燃烧。对于啸声剂制作较大火箭，其实外国人已经做了，这是可以实现的。关键在于其装填密度要控制好，都是用端面燃烧，火箭的威力还是可以的。

说实话，我从来没用过氯酸钾加硫磺，硫化砷，红磷这类的东西。尽管从来就没有绝对的危险，但是我不去做，因为那些东西对我没有什么用。所以实际效果不得而知，但是它们的危险性早有所闻。真的要做炸药还不如用硝酸铵加硝基甲烷呢，爆速6100m/s，不比那玩意大啊？

其实我们做很多东西都是在重复外国人的东西，什么时候出新意新创造了，那才是真正的科创论坛。给大家一个配方表吧
Rocket propellant #1 ('Candy Propellant')
Source: XXXXXXrotechnics
Comments: This propellant is often refferred to as "candy propellant".
Preparation: It is best prepared by melting the potassium nitrate and sugar together, but this is a dangerous operation and could result in accidential ignition during preperation. Dry mixing is possible and much safer but produces lower quality propellant.

Potassium nitrate.................................74.5
Sugar.............................................25.5

Rocket propellant #2
Source: XXXXXXrotechnics
Comments: The propellant has a burn rate of 0.0385 inch/sec at 100psi and a burn rate of 0.04 inch/sec at 300psi. Burn temperature is approx. 1800K. and ISP=180.
Preparation:

Ammonium nitrate..................................85-90%
Elastomeric binder (HTPB or other urethane plastic).....?

Rocket propellant #3
Source: XXXXXXrotechnics
Comments: Stinks like ammonia when mixed, and hardens faster than normal epoxy curing time. Suggestions for rocket dimensions: 1" rocket tube, 3" fuel length, Durhanm's water putty nozzle 3/8" thick, and 5/16" diameter. Core in center of fuel about 3/8" diameter through the length.
Preparation:

Ammonium perchlorate, 200 micron..................80
Resin (Epon 815 epoxy & curing agent U)...........20
Copper chromite...................................+1%

Rocket propellant #4
Source: Composition from the text ?The Incredible Five Cent Sugar Rocket' distrubuted on the internet by the Teleflite corporation.
Comments: Mixture is somewhat hygroscopic. Low impulse propellant.
Preparation:

Potassium nitrate.................................63
Sugar.............................................27
Sulfur............................................10

Rocket propellant #5 (Whistling)
Source: XXXXXXrotechnics archive. Article by A.J. Smith
Comments: Loud whistling rockets can be made with this. The author of the text this composition was taken from used it in nozzle-less whistling rockets. The rocket casings were 3/4 inch inner diameter, and 3.25 inch length. The fuel grain ended 1/8" from the rear end of the motor tube.
Preparation: 1. Mix the iron oxide with the potassium benzoate and mill this mixture untill a very fine powder is obtained. 2. Melt the petroleum jelly in a beaker on low heat. Turn the hot plate or stove off. Make sure no sources of heat or sparks are present before proceeding with the next steps. 3. While stirring, add 5 parts of toluene to each part of petroleum jelly by weight. Laquer thinner can be substituted for toluene when pure toluene is not available. Continue stirring untill the petroleum jelly has completely dissolved in the solvent used. 4. Add the petroleum jelly to the potassium benzoate/iron oxide mix and stir the mixture untill it becomes homogenous. 5. Then, slowly add the potassium perchlorate while stirring continuesly with a wooden spoon for several minutes until homogenous. At this point, the mixture usually has a consistency of thick soup and the beaker is warm to the touch. If the mixture seems too dry or thick, extra toluene or laquer thinner can be added at this stage. 6. Spread the composition out in a layer about 1/2" thick on kraft paper over newspapers to dry overnight. It is important that the mixture has thoroughly dried before pressing motors. A slightly damp mix can cause some shrinkage of the propellant grain over a period of days or weeks, causing the rocket to explode when ignited. 7. When the composition has dried overnight, carefully run the mixture through a 20 mesh sieve twice and store in a paper container so that trace amounts of solvent can evaporate. After several days, the mix is ready to press.

Potassium perchlorate (fine mesh).................64
Potassium benzoate................................32
Red Iron Oxide, Fe2O3.............................1
Petroleum jelly...................................3

Rocket propellant #6 (KNO3 propellant)
Source: XXXXXXrotechnics. Posted by Chris Beauregard <cpbeaure@XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Comments: The burning rate of these rocket fuels depends much less on pressure than that of black powder. This widens the accetable limits of the ratio nozzle area/fuel surface area.
Preparation:

Potassium nitrate.................................72
Carbon............................................24
Sulfur............................................4

Rocket propellant #7 (NaNO3 propellant)
Source: XXXXXXrotechnics. Posted by Chris Beauregard <cpbeaure@XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Comments: The burning rate of this rocket fuels depends much less on pressure than that of black powder. This widens the accetable limits of the ratio nozzle area/fuel surface area.
Preparation:

Sodium nitrate....................................69
Carbon............................................27
Sulfur............................................4

Rocket propellant #7 (Zinc/Sulfur)
Source: XXXXXXrotechnics
Comments: Burns very fast, producing lots of smoke. It is not a very effective propellant due to its low energy density.
Preparation:

Zinc..............................................67.1%
Sulfur............................................32.9%

Space Shuttle Boosters propellant
Source: NASA homepage
Comments:
Preparation:

Aluminum powder...................................16
Ammonium perchlorate..............................69.9
Fe2O3 catalyst....................................0.07
Rubber based binder of polybutadi雗e acrylic acidacrylonitrile.....12.04
Epoxy curing agent................................1.96

ESTES C-class rocket engine propellant
Source: XXXXXXrotechnics, Composition from 1994 US Dept. of Labour Material Safety Data Sheet.
Comments:
Preparation:

Potassium nitrate.................................71.79
Sulfur............................................13.45
Charcoal..........................................13.81
Dextrin...........................................0.95

Blue strobe rocket propellant
Source: Greg Gallacci <psygreg@XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Comments: The GE silicone II is noted for having an ammonia-like odor, where the GE silicones smell more like vinegar. The dimensions of the rocket made with this propellant were 1 1/8 inch ID, with a 1/2 inch core.
Preparation: Mix the copper oxide, PVC and silicone first, in a plastic bag. Then mix in the ammonium perchlorate. The stuff is said to be somewhat crumbly, and presses well.

Ammonium perchlorate..............................63
Silicone II.......................................22
Copper(II)oxide...................................10
PVC...............................................5


比冲
---------------------------------------------------
Relative value of Specific Impulse:
Black powder:-----------------------~125 sec.
Double-base:------------------------~200 sec.
Cellulose acetate+ammonium nitrate: ~175 sec.
Asphalt+ammonium perchlorate:-------~180 sec.
Polysulfide+ ":---------------------~200 sec.
Polyurethane+":---------------------~225-230 sec.
Polybutadiene+ ":-------------------~230-235 sec.
Polyurethane+ Aluminum + " :--------~240 sec.
Polybutadiene+ Aluminum + ":--------~245 sec.
PBAA + Aluminum + ":----------------~250 sec.
Composite/double-base:--------------~275 sec.
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