一段一段的翻译吧。

一人做一点。

第一段比较简单。

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

Disk Shooter!

Disclaimer: The experiments described below are incredibly dangerous and should not be attempted by anyone who is not thoroughly familiar with the many safety procedures involved when working with lethal high voltages and high energy electrical impulses. The capacitor bank below charged to its full potential (3kilojoules) stores 15 times as much energy as a maximum power cardiac defibrillator discharge, and is CERTAIN not only to kill, but also to blow bits off from anyone who is to come into contact with it. Remember, energies above 16Joules can be lethal. Your first mistake will be your last mistake.

Now, on with the show. First, my main capacitor bank:

飞碟！

免责申明：如下实验是非常危险的，操作时有致命的高电压和高能电脉冲，对安全操作程序不是非常熟悉的人不可以作这个尝试。如下的电容器组会充能到最大（3kJ）可以存储相当于15次心脏除颤器的放电能量，可以肯定的是不仅仅是杀死，甚至烧掉接触的部分。16J的能量就可以致命。第一个错误可能就是你的最后一个错误。

现在，展示如下。首先是我的电容器组。

As seen above, it consists in 10 Nippon-Chemi Com (brown) and 10 Powerlytic (blue) capacitors inside a clear Plexiglas box measuring 70x15x15 cm and weighting a total of 13.5kilos (24pounds). All capacitors are rated for 450V max and store a 15000uF charge. This amounts to 150Joules each, or, 3000Joules in total. The capacitors are interconnected using 2cm wide, 1mm thick copper buss bars (for low inductance) and, for this particular experiment, are connected as a 900V bank at 7500uF (by changing the series/parallel arrangement it is possible to have it anywhere between 450V 30000Uf to 9000V 75uF). Above the capacitors is a Digital Multimeter reading the actual charge voltage (in this case 0volts). The multimeter is essential as it allows me to monitor the charging rate, the actual charge voltage, and any residual charge left in the capacitors after a discharge. It is also very important for safety, as one must always keep distance from a charged capacitor bank. The box serves to insulate the capacitors from one another when they are all in series (9kV) and from their environment (bits of metal, tools, and body parts must be kept away from them at all costs). It also prevents electrolyte from spilling out in the event of a capacitor failure.

就像上面所看到的，由装在透明压克力盒子70x15x15里的10个Nippon-Chemi Com和10个Powerlytic电容组成，总13.5公斤重（24磅）。所有电容加起来的规格是450V/15000uF。就是说每个有150J，总计3000J的能量。所有的电容由铜排联接，连接后组成900V/7500uF（电容的串并联组合可以组成450V/3000uF到9000V/75uF的规格）。电容上的是万用表，帮助我监视电容的实际充电电压和放电后的残余电压。安全是非常重要的。盒子就是用来隔离充电电容和任何可能靠近它的人和危险，毕竟有9kV的高压（包括金属的工具等，以及电容漏液失效的电解液溢出）。

Also note the 16mm^2 multi stranded copper welding cables used to connect the capacitor bank to the load. These are the thickest wires I could fit through my discharge switch connection terminal. When the capacitor discharges, the magnetic field produced around these wires is so great that they have to be kept at as far a distance as possible (which is why you see them bowed outwards here), otherwise they would repel each other with enough force to rip the connection points (this happened once and one wire was flung across the room into a wall, after snapping the bolt holding it in place).

The smaller white box next to the HV Power Supply is a variable low voltage DC power supply and is used to actuate the solenoid on the vacuum relay (discharge switch).

Below you can see the capacitor bank in an experiment. The large gray box on the right of the picture is a variable LASER high-voltage supply (I re-wired it internally to 7500V at 160mA max. The meters read KV and MA and the black knob is connected to a variac that allows the voltage to be changed. It also has a filament power supply (24V at a couple amperes) and a striker pulse provided by an inductor (estimated 20kV)). You can see a picture of its insides to the right.

同样，注意看16mm^2的标准连接头，它用来连接电容器和负载。这是我可以找到的最大的线缆可以适合这个实验。在电容放电的时候，线缆周围的磁场也是非常强的。它们之间的排斥力甚至有足够强的力量撕开连接点。（这发生过一次，线缆飞起来砸到墙上，过一会螺栓才禁止下来）
在高压电源旁边的那个小一点的白色盒子是一个可调的直流电源，用来驱动真空继电器的线圈（放电）。
接下来你可以看到实验中的电容器组。在图片右边大一点的灰色盒子是一个可调的高压激光电源（我将它的内部改造了一下，只有750V/160mA,上面的表计读数为kV/mA。），还有一个冲击脉冲电感线圈（估计20kV）。在右边你可以看到线圈的内部结构图。

To the extreme left you can see a pair of blue earmuffs. Those are rated at 36DB attenuation (for gun shooting)

and are an absolute MUST when conducting any type of pulsed capacitor discharge. If anything is to go wrong, a short circuit can create local sound pressure levels well above 180DB (this will be discussed later). Between the Laser Power supply and the capacitor bank two things can be seen: One is a white box: A regulated variable DC power supply, rated for 0 - 30V at 0-10A. It actuates the Jennings Vacuum relay (The tall thing standing next to the laser power supply and connected to the capacitor bank and coil. That relay is rated at 25kV 100A (2.5MEGAWATTS RMS power!).

最左边你可以看到一双蓝色的耳套。这有36dB声音衰减，是用来减弱枪击的声音，也是进行所有电容放电试验的必备。如果发生事故，一个短路可以制造出180的dB以上的声压（这个以后讨论）。在激光电源和电容器组之间可以看到两件东西：一个白色盒子：一个可调直流电源，0~30V/0~10A。驱动一个真空继电器（在激光电源旁边连接到电容器组和线圈的高柱子），这个继电器是25kV/100A的（2.5MW的平均正弦功率）（RMS：平均正弦功率，有效值）

The experiment being conducted can be seen connected to the welding cables. It consists of a flat 16-turn coil (using 7mm diameter multi stranded wire) with a 15cm diameter, 3mm thick, 70 grams aluminium disk sitting right above it.

进行试验需要连接到做好的线圈，它由16圈的线圈（7mm直径多芯标准电缆）绕成。还有一个直径15cm，厚3mm，70g的铝碟放在上面。

The capacitor bank is charged to a full 900V potential, and then the relay latch is released (everything is done remotely behind a Plexiglas shield located 10 meters from where the experiment is conducted) so that all the energy stored in the capacitors flows through the coil for a few microseconds. Because of the extremely short discharge times, currents of several tens of thousands of amperes are obtained, causing the coil to produce and enormously powerful increasing magnetic field, which, on passing through the disk, induces a current on it. Due to the turns ratio (16 turns coil - 1turn disk), the current through the disk is several times greater than that through the coil. This current loops around the disk and is called an Eddy current. Like any other current flow, this produces a magnetic field of opposite polarity to that of the coil, hence, the two repel. As the coil is fixed to the table, it pushes down on it (sometimes hard enough to make it bounce back up and knock things over!), and the disk is propelled upwards. By varying the charging voltage different firing speeds can be obtained.

电容器或充电到900V的能量，这时继电器释放（所有的事必须在距离试验10m远处透明的压克力玻璃的掩蔽下进行）使电容器中所有的能量在极短的ms内释放在线圈上。由于是极短的时间，这样就会获得几万A的电流，使线圈产生极大的磁场穿过铝盘，产生涡流，按照匝比计算（线圈16匝，铝盘1匝），铝盘上的电流是几倍于线圈。这个电流叫做涡流电流。同所有的电流一样，这个电流产生磁场一个同线圈反向的磁场，因此，它们相互作用，由于线圈固定在桌上，它就把铝盘推出去（有时很难控制，会反弹回来打翻东西！），这时铝盘就会向上飞。控制充电电压就可以得到不同发射速度。

The purpose of this experiment was to determine what type of coil works best for this application (this was done by varying number of turns, wire diameter and geometry) and how attained height varies with energy (one would expect it to vary linearly, but somehow the induction process seems to become more efficient as power levels are increased, and on certain cases the disk would go 4.3 times higher by merely doubling the energy of the pulse). A 3 kilojoule electrical impulse has the potential to lift several hundred kilograms, so in theory a track with several coils that were pulsed in a equence could lift and carry along a load, such as a train: MagLev technology without superconductors!

这个试验的目的就是什么样的线圈最适合（这需要尝试许多圈数，线径和形状）和什么样的电压能量（人们都希望是线性的关系，但是经验证明能量等级的升高效果更明显，可以确定的是双倍的能量可以使铝盘高度增加4.3倍）。3kJ的电脉冲能量可以升起几百kg的东西，所以，理论上一辆卡车上装几个线圈依次充能就可以在路上行驶了。例如这样的火车：不用超导体的磁悬浮。

Here you can see what happens at full power: With 3kJ propelling it, the aluminium disk was severely warped which caused it to spin as it came up. Striking the roof at an angle, it penetrated an inch deep into the wood (look to the left of the light bulb)! I calculated the disk\'s velocity to be in the 500km/h range as it left the coil. Attempts to replicate this outdoors resulted in the disk being warped so severely that it completely lost its aerodynamic and spun out of control, stopping after climbing a good 100 meters.

在这里你可以看到全功率状态下：有3kJ的能量加载在上面，铝盘旋转使其严重扭曲，以一定的角度击打屋顶，穿透木板1英寸（请看灯泡左边）！我计算过铝盘射出线圈的速度在500公里/小时的范围以内。在户外进行的这个试验使铝盘严重的扭曲失去了本来的形状同时失控的旋转，在爬升了100m后停了下来。

Smaller version:
This one is powered by a smaller capacitor bank made up of two pulse rated electrolytic capacitors storing 12600uF at 450V (that\'s 1.3kJ at full charge). They aretched through a SCR that is rated at 300A 1200V, and pulsed into a 7-turn flat solenoid that propels the same 3mm thick 13cm outer dia, 4cm inner dia 70gram disk as on the experiment aboven. The coil used is wound with 16mm^2 welding cable (multi stranded copper). Click here or on the picture of the coil to watch a short (132KB) video of the entire setup firing a disk at just under 200Joules. You can hear 3 impacts: The first when the disk rises and the coil hits the table and bounces up. The second when the disk hits the roof (I chose this low partial charge so it wouldn\'t rip chunks from the plaster ceiling[s:1], and the third when it returns to ground. It is interesting to note that here the powertching is entirely solid state; a real achievement for the power levels the device operates at.

小容量方案：
这是一个由两个电解电容组成的较小的电容器组，450V/12600uF（充满电1.3kJ）。通过一个1200V/300A的SCR连接到一个7匝的线圈推动一个较小的厚3mm外径13cm内径4cm重70g和上面的试验类似的铝盘。线圈是由16mm^2的线缆（标准多芯铜线）绕制。点击这里或者线圈的图片可以看到一个短片（132k）在200J的能量下的一次发射实况。你可以听到3次冲击：第一次铝盘升起，线圈撞击桌面然后弹起。第二次铝盘打在屋顶（我选择这个低能量的示范是为了不打坏石膏天花板）:）,第三次落回到地面，非常有趣的是可以看到powertching完全是固态的；装置工作在这样一个能量等级下的一个真实成绩。

The Real Thompson\'s Coil:
It consists in a large coil of wire wound around an iron coilform made up of several smaller metal rods. The rods are insulated from one another and prevent eddy currents from dissipating too much power inside the coil. The coil has enough inductance that when 220V 60Hz AC flow through it, they only draw 5A or so of current. The alternating magnetic field set up around the core repels any conductive rings placed in it, and heats them in the process. By clicking on the picture you can see a video of a liquid nitrogen cooled copper ring floating around the core in a presentation on electromagnetic repulsion and heating by induction that I gave for my IB HL-2 Physics class. I will post technical details on the coil here shortly.

真实的汤姆斯线圈：
它由一个巨大的线圈绕在一个由许多小的金属杆组成的线圈模上。杆之间是相互绝缘的以控制涡流，减少线圈自身的损耗。线圈有足够大的感抗，当220V/60Hz的交流电源接上时，只有5A左右的电流流过。交替变化的磁场排斥在核心上的任何导电环形体同时加热它们。点击图片，你可以看到一个短片：有液氮冷却的铜环在电磁力的作用下悬浮在线圈核心上，同时也被感应加热。这就是我在IB HL-2物理课上所演示的。我会将技术细节简短的贴在线圈上。

For more experiments dealing with electromagnetism and electromagnetic induction and repulsion, electromagnetic mass acceleration, high powertching and more, be sure to check:

在处理电磁和电磁感应以及推斥，电磁加速，高能物理等更多的试验细节，请点击下面：

What\'s next?

Check out my new beauties!

接下来是什么？
看看我的新东西。

To the left you see a pair of MAXWELL pulse discharge capacitors, rated at 7.5kV, 36uF (1kJ) each. The series inductance (ESL) is 100nH, and they are rated for a repetitive discharge current (Apk) of 25Kiloamperes (60kA non repetitive). Each capacitor measures 30 X 11.5 X 9.5cm (1\' by 4.6\" x 3.8\") and weights 4kilos (talk about energy density!). The discharge terminals are 1cm diameter bolts.

左边你可以看到一对MAXWELL脉冲放电电容，每个7.5kV/36uF（1kJ）。电容的串联电抗（ESL）是100nH。它们可以连续重复放电达到25kA（非连续60kA），每个电容30*11.5*9.5cm重4kg（指能量密度）。放电端子是1cm的螺柱。

To the right you see 7 AEROVOX Energy Discharge Capacitors, each rated at 5200V, 23uF (311J), and with a series inductance of 150nH. Peak current is 5000A repetitive (12.5kA non-repetitive) Each measures 25 X 11.5 X 7cm, and weights 2.4 kilos. The discharge terminals here are also 1cm diameter bolts. The energy in each one of the smaller caps amounts to slightly over the maximum a cardiac defibrillator can deliver (their inductance is a lot lower though). I believe they were originally used to pulse a flash lamp in an airport.

在右边你可以看到7个AEROVOX储能放电电容，每个5200V/23uF（311J），串联电抗（ESL）150nH。峰值连续重复电流5000A（非连续12.5kA），重2.4kg。放电端子也是1cm的螺柱。小一点的电容每一个都有向当于心脏除颤器最大能量（虽然它们的感抗极小）。我相信它们最初是用来为机场的闪光灯供电的。

This type of capacitors is also used to power flash lamps in pulsed lasers... Each of the larger caps costs around 2000 dollars new, whilst the smaller ones for about half that price. I obtained the Aerovox caps in a local surplus shop for $100, and the Maxwells through mail order, for $250. All Aerovox caps are currently assembled on a 162.2uF (measured), 5200V (2,2kJ) 21.4nH ESL bank that will be used in a Can Crusher, a high voltage Coil Gun, a Rail Gun, and some experiments with water atomization by pulsed discharge... The capacitor bank measures 50x25x11.5cm and weights 17.6kilos. They are interconnected through 1.5cm wide, 3mm thick copper buss bars. I am currently completing the pneumatically actuated high speedtch that will allow me to discharge them safely and noiselessly onto the above mentioned loads.

这种电容是用来驱动脉冲激光的闪光灯。每一个大电容价值$2000,直到较小的降到一半的价钱，在本地的一个杂货铺我找到了Aerovox电容，每个$100。Maxwells是邮购的，每个$250。 所有的Aerovox电容现在组成的电容器组5200V/162.2uF（2.2kJ）/ESL21.4kJ，使用在一个罐头碾碎机上，一个高压电磁枪，一个轨道炮和一些水气雾化的脉冲放电的试验......电容器组50*25*11.5cm/17.6kg，它们由3*15mm的铜排连接起来。我现在完成气动高速课题可以允许我安全的无声的放电在上面所说的负载上。