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用单台接收机如何组成相关干涉仪测向机？

kcma2019/07/14 04:14:59科创仪表

用单台接收机如何组成相关干涉仪测向机？

干涉仪测向的实质是利用无线电信号在天线阵的多个天线之间产生的相位关系，来确定无线电信号的来向。因为无线电信号相对于的天线阵参考方向与天线阵元间的信号相位分布有一一对应的关系, 如果知道了天线元间的相位分布, 也就知道了无线电信号的入射方位。

从电路的理论中, 我们知道一个信号的相位事实上是指这个信号相对于另一个相同频率信号的相位。所以, 从严格的意义上讲, 单信道接收机是无法直接求取一个信号的相位的。但是我们看到许多干涉仪测向机都只有一台测试接收机（EB200之类），他们是如何得到信号方位的呢？

图：一台9阵元的干涉仪天线

在工程实现上, 可以将天线间的相位关系转换成幅度关系, 然后通过接收机的选频放大、下变等，成为中频信号，最后检波得到信号的幅度。计算根据幅度关系, 反算出天线间的相位关系, 最后由该相位关系求得信号的人射方位。实现天线元间的相位关系和幅度关系的转换, 是由射频预处理单元来完成的。

本文的叙述是基于9 元等间隔分布天线的圆阵, 这9 个天线元编号为Tl 到T9。天线孔径为d。……

杜龙先先生发表在《中国无线电》上的文章详细的介绍了这方面原理，详情请下载附件。

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[修改于 2 年前 - 2022/06/24 23:11:13]

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